目的初步探讨急性黄斑区视神经视网膜病(AMNR)的临床特征、治疗和预后。方法回顾性病例研究。分析自年12月至年3月临床上诊断为AMNR的患者16例(25眼)。其中男12例,女4例,年龄24~72岁,平均年龄(51.1±12.7)岁。视力光感(LP)~1.2。观察其眼底彩照、OCT、FFA及ICGA的表现特征,分析其相关发病因素并探讨其发病机制及治疗预后。结果16例患者中9例双眼发病,7例单眼发病。16例(25眼)眼底均表现为黄斑区视网膜深层灰黄色污秽样改变。FFA显示视盘不等程度的染色,部分病例黄斑区微小血管扩张渗漏,ICGA显示黄斑区低灌注性弱荧光。所有患者OCT均显示不同程度的黄斑区外层视网膜水肿、增厚,视细胞内节/外节-脉络膜毛细血管(IS/OS-CC)带的局灶性缺损,部分患者伴有局限神经上皮脱离。16例患者血清学检查均显示梅毒阳性,其中1例伴有HIV感染。10例患者(14眼)积极接受抗梅毒治疗,随访时间为2周~2年,除1例(2眼)随访时间只有2周视力无明显改善外,其余9例(12眼)视力均有明显好转,其中9眼视力恢复到1.0,眼底表现均明显改善。余6例(11眼)建议抗梅毒治疗后失访。结论AMNR病因很多,梅毒感染是其中之一,主要的病理改变是外层视网膜及视细胞的IS/OS受到破坏。系统性的免疫学检查如梅毒螺旋体、HIV等相当重要。治疗主要是抗梅毒治疗,视力预后较好。
急性黄斑区视神经视网膜病;梅毒;体层摄影术,光学相干;荧光素眼底血管造影;吲哚青绿血管造影
DOI:10./cma.j.issn.-X..04.
基金项目:温州市科技局科研基金项目(Y)
作者单位:温州医医院眼底内科(孙祖华、汪村、王萌、林冰、刘晓玲);医院眼科(孙心铨)
通信作者:刘晓玲,Email:lxl
mail.eye.ac.cnClinicalcharacteristicsofacutemacularneuroretinopathy
SunZuhua*,WangCun,WangMeng,SunXinquan,LinBing,LiuXiaoling.*MedicalRetinalDevision,EyeHospitalofWenzhouMedicalUniversity,Wenzhou,China
Correspondingauthor:LiuXiaoling,Email:lxl
mail.eye.ac.cnObjectiveToinvestigatetheclinicalcharacteristicsofacutemacularneuroretinopathy(AMNR)andthetherapytotreatit.MethodsThiswasaretrospectivestudy.Theclinicaldataof16patients(25eyes)diagnosedwithacutemacularneuroretinopathyfromDecembertoMarchwereanalyzed.Thepatients(12malesand4females)rangedinagefrom24to72yearswithanaverageageof51.1±12.7years.Visualacuityrangedfromlightperception(LP)to1.2.Colorfundusphotography,opticalcoherencetomography(OCT),fundusfluoresceinangiography(FFA)andindocyaninegreenangiography(ICGA)wereperformedonthesepatients.TheetiologyandthepathogenesisaswellasthetherapyandvisualprognosisofAMNRwereevaluated.ResultsAmongthe16patients,9patientswerebilateraland7wereunilateral.All16patients(25eyes)showedgrey-yellowlesionsinthemaculararea.FFArevealedthattheopticdiscwasstainedinthelatestages.Somepatientsshowedthedilatationofmicro-retinalveinswithdyeleakageinthelatephasesofFFA.ICGArevealedpoorperfusioninthemaculaandtheposteriorareaoftheretina.TheOCTsofallpatientsshowedtheinnersegment/outersegment-choriocapillary(IS/OS-CC)bandwaspartiallyabsentwithathickenedouterplexiformlayeroverlyingtheseareasindifferentdegrees.SomepatientsshowedlocalneurosensoryepitheliumdetachmentinOCTimages.Theresilientpacketring(RPR)andtreponemapallidumhemagglutinationassay(TPHA)testswerepositiveinall16patients.HIVwassimultaneouslypositiveinonepatient.Tenpatients(14eyes)agreedtoanti-syphilistherapy.Thefollow-uprangedfrom2weeksto2years.Thegrey-yellowlesionsdisappearedin9patients(12eyes)andvisualacuityimprovedto1.0in9eyes.Onlyonepatient(2eyes)didnothaveanimprovementinvisualacuityduetoashortfollow-upof2weeks.Sixotherpatients(11eyes)werelostandfailedtoreturnforunknownreasons.ConclusionSyphilisinfectionisoneofthemanycausesofAMNR.ThemainpathologicalabnormalityislocatedattheouterretinaandIS-OSjunction.ImmunologicexaminationssuchasspirochaetapallidaandHIVareveryimportantinthefundusclinic.Treatmentwithpenicillinresultedinarapidcureandalwayshadagoodprognosis.
Acutemacularneuroretinopathy;Syphilis;Tomography,opticalcoherence;Fundusfluoresceinangiography;Indocyaninegreenangiography
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